动名词
动名词 1.动名词主语 1) 名词直接放在句首作主语。例如: Using the right hand to shake hands is a convention in many countries. 用右手握手是许多国家的一种习俗。2) 动名词在“It is no use/ no good/ fun / a waste of time/ a good pleasure 等 名词 + doing”结构中作主语,it为形式主语。例如: It is no good writing to him;
he never answers letters. 写信给他不妥,他从来不回信。
It is no use your complaining;
the company won’t do anything about it. 抱怨是没有用的,公司是不会管的。
3) 动名词在“It is useless/ nice/ good/ interesting/ worthwhile 等形容词 + doing”结构中作主语。例如: It is good playing chess after supper. 晚饭后弈棋挺好。
It is useless speaking. 光说是没有用的。
4) 动名词在“There is(was) no + doing”结构中作主语。例如: There is no denying that she is very efficient. 她效率高是不容否认的。
There is no telling what he is going to do. 他要做什么一点消息都没有。2. 动名词作宾语 1) 有些动词后面要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词有: admit 承认 ;
excuse 原谅 ;
postpone 拖延 ;anticipate 期望;
fancy 想象 practise 练习;
appreciate 欣赏;
finish 完成;
prevent 防止;
avoid 避免;
forbid 禁止;
propose 建议;
consider 考虑;
forgive 宽恕;
recollect 回忆;
delay 耽搁;
imagine 想象;
resent 厌恶;
deny 否认;
involve 涉及;
resist 抵制;
detest 厌恶;
keep 保留;
risk 冒险;
dislike 讨厌;
mind 在意;
save 挽救;
dread 害怕;
miss 错过;
suggest 建议;
enjoy 喜欢;
pardon 原谅;
例如: I recommend buying the dictionary. 我建议买这本词典。
I don’t anticipate meeting any opposition. 我估计不会遇到任何反对意见。
Will you admit having broken the window 你承认不承认打破了窗户 2) 有些动词短语后也要求跟动名词作宾语。常这样用的动词短语有: can’t stand 忍不住;
can’t help 忍不住;
feel like 想,欲;
give up 放弃;
put off 推迟 例如: He put off making a decision till he had more information. 在获得详情之前,他没有急于作出决定。
Do you feel like taking a walk你要不要去散步 3) 动名词常跟在介词或介词短语后做宾语。常这样用的介词短语 有:instead of, look forward to, object to, keep on, see about, take to 等。
例如: We are looking forward to coming to China. 我们期待着来中国。
We succeeded in getting over all the difficulties. 我们终于克服了所有的困难。
4) 在“have difficulty (trouble, problem, a hard time, fun, a good time) (+in) + 动名词;
be busy (in) + 动名词;waste time (in) + 动名词;lost time (in) + 动名 词;There is no point (in) + 动名词”等结构中,动名词做介词宾语,in常要省去。例如: The children are busy doing their homework. 孩子们忙于做作业。
There is no point (in) making the simple experiments once again. 再做一次这种简单的实验是毫无意义的。
5) 在复合宾语中,用it作形式宾语,将动名词短语放在后面。例如: I consider it a waste 我认为辩论这事是很浪费时间的。
6) 在“there be”结构当中,be为动名词时,该结构也是一种带逻辑主语的动 名词形式。例如: We can imagine there being a lot of fuss about it. 我们可以想象到人们对此大惊小怪。
Were you disappointed at there not having been more gifts你对没有更多的礼物感到失望吗 3. 动名词的被动式 1) 动词need, require, want, deserve后,用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
其用法相当于不定式的被动结构。例如: The watch needs repairing. (=The watch needs to be repaired.) 这块表需要修理。
The problem deserves thinking about. (=The problem deservers to be thought about.) 这个问题值得考虑。
2) 在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。例如: His suggestion is worth considering. 他的提议值得考虑。